COMP4920 Management and Ethics 代写案例
1. Expound error theory in meta-ethics. Do you find it plausible? Why or why not? Justify - that is give reasons for - your answer.
2. Assume that computer science is being established as a licensed profession (along the lines of law and medicine). Assume also that you have been tasked with the formulation of the ethical guidelines for the governing association of this new profession. How might the use of act versus rule utilitarianism to motivate the ethical guidelines for this professional association of computer science result in different professional guidelines? Which of act and rule utilitarianism do you prefer for this purpose? Why? Justify - that is give reasons for - your answer.
3. Expound and assess rule-based/Kantian ethics. Analyse the extent to which such an ethics might be used to design an automated ethics. What do you think that the risks and opportunities of such an automated ethics might be? Why? Justify your answer with explicit, detailed, expositional reference to at least one of the suggested readings in section 1.3 below.
1 Essay writing tips
1.1 For Question 1 above
This question is for those of you who like to delve straight into the more abstract, theoretical issues.
Note - a good essay will engage with contrary points of view, and provide responses to them.
Question 1 is a question. So your essay needs to be an answer to this question. Then, and this is super important, you need to give reasons to your reader for why it is that you think your answer(s) is(are) the correct one(s). Your goal is to convince your reader that you are right!
Question 1 is written in such a way as to make it easier for you to do all of this. The first thing that Question 1 asks you to do is to explicate and explain error theory. So, best to do this as clearly and succinctly as you can. Get to the point right way. Start fast. Note that there is note than one variety of error theory.
The second thing that Question 1 asks you is state whether or not your find error theory plausible. Your answer here might turn on which variety of error theory you are considering.
The third thing that Question 1 asks you is to dig in to the reasons that you have for your answer(s) above.
No matter what your answer here, it is the next part of Question 1 that is super important.
The next thing that Question 1 asks you to do is to justify to the reader why the reasons that you give your reader are good reasons. This is the important part! Your goal here is to convince your reader that your reasons are the best reasons.
Note again - a good essay will engage with contrary points of view, and provide responses to them.
The trick here is to anticipate possible objections to your arguments, and then respond to these with more arguments. An argument is a reason or reasons for believing a statement or claim.
Constructing good arguments is a skill that we learn through practice. Here, like all essays, it is important that you get a good draft up and running so that you can reflect upon it and revise it.
1.2 For Question 2 above
This is a fun question. Whereas Question 1 above is largely theoretical, Question 2 is more applied. It really is a question - well actually it is a bunch of questions - and this means that your essay should be an answer to it. Then, and this is super important, you need to give reasons to your reader for why it is that you think your answer(s) is the correct one. Your goal is to convince your reader that you are right! So, let’s move through Question 2 carefully, one sub-question at a time.
The first thing that Question 2 asks you to do is to make a pair of assumptions - so you do not need to justify or give reasons for these. Firstly that computer science is about to become a licensed profession. This means that one could become barred from practicing computer science legally. Secondly that your job is to draw up guidelines for the association that governs this profession.
The third thing that Question 2 asks you to do is to explain how you think that act and rule utilitarianism might cause one to design different guidelines for such an association, should either of these utilitarianisms be used to constrain the design of such guidelines. So, this part of the question is of a “compare and contrast” nature.
The third thing that Question 2 asks you is this - do you prefer either act or rule utilitarianism for the purpose above? A sensible start here would be to explain both act and rule utilitarianism.
It is open for you to say that you think that both act and rule utilitarianism are so terrible for the task that you dislike each of them equally. The important thing is that you state why it is that you think this, and give detailed reasons for your belief. Similarly, it is open for you to say that, on balance, you think that both act and rule utilitarianism are good, and equally good at the task. Here too, the important thing is that you provide em reasons.
Note again again - a good essay will engage with contrary points of view, and provide responses to them.
1.3 For Question 3 above
The first thing that Question 3 is asking you to do is to expound Kantian ethics. ”Expound” is just a fancy way of asking you describe and explain something in detail.
The second thing that Question 3 is asking you to do is to assess Kantian ethics. So, this is a great opportunity for you to state what it is that you think about Kantian ethics, why you think it, and what reasons you have for your reader to agree with you that you are right!
As always, a very useful thing to do here is to anticipate and articulate possible objections to your point of view, and to then respond to them in detail.
The third thing that Question 3 ask you is just how useful you think a Kantian ethics might be for automated ethics. Another name for automated ethics is “machine ethics”. Automated ethics is the automation of ethical/moral decision making. In other words, it is the attempt to make moral decision making computable. This is just to say that it is that attempt to subsume moral decision making within a finite mechanical process.
The fourth and fifth things that Question 3 asks you respectively are to give reasons for your answer to the third thing, and to then argue for and justify these reasons. I am sure that you can see a pattern here by now 🙂
Again as always, a very useful thing to do here is to anticipate and articulate possible objections to your point of view, and to then respond to them in detail.
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